A Cultural Perspective

The Philippines is part of South East Asia but it many ways it is different from the rest of the region.   For one, almost every Filipino (that is how they are called) can speak English aside from their indigenous dialects (Erickson, 1982, p. 19).While Filipinos possess distinct Malay features such as black hair, eyes and brown skin, there are also a multitude of which has brown hair and eyes, alabaster skin and carry Spanish names. This is due to the long Spanish colonization the country underwent, starting in the 16th century and lasting for more than 300 years (Borlaza and Wurfel, 2002, p. 545).   The Spanish influence is also responsible for the dominance of the Roman Catholic religion in the country.However, it is the countryside of the Philippines, with its rice fields, tropical setting and beautiful beaches that seems to connect the country with the rest of its neighbors.   The country is a magnet for tourist during summer vacation with its endless beaches and temperate weather.   Furthermore, the Spanish heritage, along with the brief American and Japanese colonization has contributed to the shaping of the Filipino culture- different languages and dialects, food, dance and music, and societal order.The country’s contact with China cannot also be discounted.   Starting in the 10th century, the Philippines had engaged contact with the Chinese, resulting in people with Filipino-Chinese descent (p.540). Filipinos are said to have an â€Å"uncommon warmth and courtesy† (p.19).The country has also weathered some of the most colorful incidents in politics- from the Martial Law era during the 70s to the EDSA revolution and People Power in the 80s , impeachment trial of former president Joseph Estrada and the   impeachment attempts against its current president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo( Steinberg, 2009). Truly, the island world of the Philippines offers a unique cultural perspective.The Republic of the Philippines, as it is properly know , is an archipelago made up of 7,100 islands lying some 500 miles off Asia’ south-eastern coast ( Borlaza and Wurfel, 2002, p. 537). The country has three main islands- Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao (p. 537).According to archaeologists, there have been prehistoric tribes existing in the Philippines when the country was still attached to the Asian mainland (Erickson, 1982, p.20).   Furthermore, the first people were said to be primitive Negritos or small Negroes who resided in the forest of the islands (p. 200. These people, described as pygmy like were themselves descendants from the great migration in Asia during the Stone Age (p. 20).Indonesians, Malaysians and Chinese also settled in the Philippines. In 1521, Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan landed in Leyte Gulf and claimed the island for Spain (p. 20) .Thus began the 333 years of Spanish colonization of the country (p.20).   In 1896, the Philippines started its efforts to relinquish Spanish control on them, organ izing movements and revolts (p. 20). During this time, Spain was also in the midst of battle with America.The Spanish-American War broke out and continued in the Philippines, another Spanish territory (Davidson, Lytle, Heyrman, Gienapp and Stoff, 1998, pp.750). The Treat of Paris granted America control of the Philippines (p.20).   This was greeted with mixed reactions from Filipinos. Some Filipinos viewed the United States as liberators while others labelled them as â€Å"new colonizers† (p. 751).   Under the leadership of William Howard Taft, the Philippines was transformed- building American schools, roads, factories and even introducing new farming methods to guide the country as it becomes independence (p. 753).During the American regime, the Philippines benefited socially, politically and economically. In 1935, the Commonwealth of the Philippines was formed with Manuel L. Quezon as its first president (p. 20). The celebration was cut short due to the explosion of th e Second World War. When war broke out, the Philippine was occupied by the Japanese.

The Great Gatsby, Chapter 8

Owen Marshall Honors Language Arts, Lohman March 27, 2013 Chapter 8 This chapter begins with Nick talking to Gatsby after the horrible events of the night before. Gatsby tells Nick how he spent his night waiting for Daisy to see him just for her to ignore him the whole time. He then tells Nick about why he fell in love with Daisy, and why he is still so deeply attached to her. Nick then leaves for work, shouting to Gatsby reassuring words seeing as he is obviously lost and depressed.After Nick leaves we are told about the actions of grief stricken George Wilson. We are told that George believed that the driver of the car that killed his wife was Gatsby and George acts upon this information. He spends the day making his way to Gatsby’s house and upon his arrival kills Gatsby in his pool and then ends his own life. Suspense This chapter creates a very deep suspense through the actions of George Wilson.Fitzgerald cultivates this suspense for the climax of the novel by describing George’s actions with little detail, describing them as if we are being told by a police report. He skirts what actually occurred, instead describing the setting in vivid detail. He mentions the â€Å"†¦cluster of leave†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (pg 170) that are in the pool foreshadowing Gatsby’s fate by having the leaves represent the end of the season and the end of his life. Fitzgerald uses this suspense to keep the reader intensely reading keep Gatsby’s death a shock.

Difficulties and challenges for Etisalat ( Operation class) Essay

Difficulties and challenges for Etisalat ( Operation class) - Essay Example The Corporation deals with sensitive services such as the transfer of money services which requires alot of security. Etisalat is exposed to risks such as cyber criminals hence the need to seek new ways to get rid of such threats. Some individuals employed at Etisalat are not qualified for the work they are required to do at the Corporation. They lack the knowledge and skills in the services they are offering to customers because of lack of training. The Corporation does not offer training skills to their employees since they do not have enough resources,hence avoid sending staff outside the country to acquire more skills from the best. The world keeps developing with new security technologies frequently that requires Episalat as one of the biggest companies to follow the trend. This is a big challenge for the Corporation because the changes happen constantly and adapting to the situation is difficult since it requires money to buy the equipments and knowlege of the techniques required to operate the new equipments. There is a high demand for the services at Etisalat but they lack enough resources to meet the needs of their customers since they are located in many countries that require their best services. This is a challenge because the customers in countries with poor services blame the whole Corporation for the failure of one departments that offered the services. Some departments in the Corporation lack mannuals that contain the guidelines for security projects which makes it confusing for most staff members (Plunkett,2007). The available resources in Etisalat are not invested properly hence causing difficulties in the operation of the Corporation. The government own large shares at Etisalat and command any changes they want hence making it difficult for the Corporation to introduce new ideas in the business since it takes a long time for procedures to be approved. There is also poor communication because of the bureucratic nature of the

Compare Chinese law and African laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Compare Chinese law and African laws - Essay Example However, there are those who believe that such marked similarities in terms of laws and norms are not only a product of contacts between races. Their argument is that there is a kind of universal bond borne out of humankind’s common understanding of what is right or wrong, which makes rewards and retributions a common scenario. I am inclined to take the side of those who feel that a universal understanding of what is right or wrong is behind the spirit of the laws that governs the human society. To illustrate this point, let us take into considerations the Chinese and the African setting, taking into specific considerations the origin and foundations of such laws. China and Africa are almost at the opposing poles if we talk about cultures, civilizations and the evolution of their legal systems. Since time immemorial, Chinese have been known as traders traversing the high seas to trade goods. In the olden times, Chinese dynasties were known to be one of the most organized structures of government and have codified their laws as early as the 221 BC (Gray. Gregor. 1878) By contrast, Africa was a mystery to the rest of the world up until now and most of its laws are still unwritten to this day. Unlike China where the codes are easy accessible to those who would care to read them, African laws, owing to its unwritten nature, are not readily accessible by outsiders. In order to gain knowledge of African law, one must closely observe and learn from experiential accounts of its subjects. However, what is interesting to note is that even though one laws is already codified and the other unwritten, by looking into the origins and the spirits of the law s of these countries, there are similarities in them that is worth looking into. By taking a closer look into the very foundations of these laws, one will find that both are more or less built on similar foundations. Studies conduct on Chinese and African laws noted that both laws are essentially based

International Business Practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Business Practice - Assignment Example Trade creation occurs when domestic production is substituted with imports from member states; sometimes it entails the condition of a less efficient system, albeit there is reduction in trade transaction costs. However, trade diversion occurs when it is carried out with member states. Whereas, earlier, trade was being carried out with other countries outside the Union. The portion of trade that was carried out with other countries or states is now diverted to member states under preferential trade agreements and due to this, trade diversion occurs. There are several reasons why countries resort to signing PTA; the main reasons are as follows: The underlying influence of Europe: The shift of the American Position Unbalanced nature of current multilateral trade regime and utmost dissatisfaction with it. Besides modern trade barriers are much more complicated in multilateral settings and most countries find it easier to deal with regional or sectoral trade. Failure of the World Trade O rganization (WTO) to become a major stabilizing force in global trade It is now necessary to consider each of these aspects individually and separately. The underlying influence of Europe: The influence of the European Community (EC) now known as the European Union has indeed been formidable. Although it faced several setbacks during 1992, it was successful in overcoming mighty odds in its search for regional trade co-operation The EU has been able to achieve despite the challenges it had to face, a major expansion of the European community, in terms of scope, depth and geographical coverage. â€Å"This success has undoubtedly had a demonstration effect, encouraging emulation in the form of regional initiatives in other parts of the world† (Frankel, 1977, P.5). The influence of the EU on setting up of several regional PTAs has indeed been reassuring, especially in the case of PTAs like the European Free Trade Association, (EFTA), Andean Group, Mercosur and ASEAN. The shift of the American Position: With Europe entering into progressive trade unionism ostensibly to avoid the prospects of further wars, America now needed to adopt a stance of its own, although without confronting the EC plans. It turned towards geo-political solutions and â€Å"proposing a new round of liberalization negotiations in the GATT so as to keep the momentum in the multilateral direction.† (Frankel, 1977, P.5). Since then American policies have shifted from multilateralism to regional trade partnership, which is quite evident from the US -Israel Free trade agreement and the Caribbean Basin initiative. â€Å"Where the Americans had previously reacted multilaterally to European action on the regional front, now they reacted regionally to European Action on the multilateral front† (Frankel, 1977, P.5). The American policies were clear cut and transparent – if the multilateral routes were closed, they were ready to explore regional routes for trade development an d believed that the breakdown of such barriers was essential for trade to flourish. There were several factors that contributed to the US trade policy. The first being that over the few decades, the US had lost global hegemony it had enjoyed since World War II, and its trade position has slipped down alarmingly in recent years. Secondly, the EU has been a strong economic and trade force in Europe and has matched US supremacy. Under such circumstances, the

Should gays & lesbians be allowed to serve in the U.S. military Research Paper

Should gays & lesbians be allowed to serve in the U.S. military - Research Paper Example Homosexuals need to be allowed the same opportunities as other people. Their sexual orientation does not make them lesser beings, and it should not be used as an excuse to bar them from doing things that they want to do (Carter 233). I support the idea of having gays and lesbians in the US military, regardless of whether they practice homosexuality or not. I do not see how why this group of well-meaning citizens should be judged for their sexual orientation and yet they are willing to risk their lives for the sake of this great country. For someone to sacrifice his life for the sake of his country and country folk, it requires a remarkable sense of bravery (Bourg 429). Instead of being viewed as unwanted people, gay men and lesbians wanting to join the military should be treated like the heroes they are. The introduction of the â€Å"don’t ask, don’t tell† policy has greatly improved matters for the gay and lesbian community in America (Carter 233). Homosexuals a re no longer required to disclose their sexuality on the enlistment forms. The policy also disallowed any military official investigating the sexual orientation of military officers. This gave homosexuals more freedom and confidence in applying for military positions. No one should be harassed just because they have a different sexual orientation from others. ... If one is to be discriminated against because of something that he or she cannot change, then that is very unfortunate because it would be tantamount to denying them their fundamental rights as citizens of America (Bourg 430). Being different should not be viewed as a weakness or as a moral wrong, rather society should embrace everyone since we all have something positive to share with others. Tolerating and accepting the gay and lesbian community may be a tall order for some people, but this should not be the case. Many gay men and lesbian women have served this country in different aspects with honor (Carter 234). When people say that homosexuals should not serve in the military, what they are portraying is fear about things that might never happen in the first place. This fear is unwarranted because it is obvious that homosexuals live very peacefully with other people, it would not be different in the military. The standard that needs to be upheld in the military is not gender ori entation; rather a lot of emphasis should be on attitude and behavior (Johnson 133). If the gays and lesbians have the right kind of attitude and behavior for military service, then there should be no problem enlisting them. There is no evidence showing that one’s sexuality may determine one’s efficiency at work. The only thing that comes in the way of efficiency is one’s determination or the lack of it. If a homosexual is therefore determined to keep the United States and the citizens safe, I think that he or she should be given the chance. If gays and lesbians are barred from military service, then what is to be said of their fundamental rights and liberties as Americans? The American constitution is categorical in the provision of equality in

Contemporary Design trend Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contemporary Design trend - Essay Example This building is part of a 2km development initiative of the Dubai central business district (Galindo, 23). It is always referred to as the Downtown Dubai, and it is found along the Sheikh Zayed Road. The architectural drawings and designs of this building were performed by Adrian Smith, as the lead architect, Bill Baker as the lead structural engineer, Skidmore, and Owings and Merrill. The main contractor of this building was Samsung Company, through its department of construction and technology. Samsung is a South Korean company that has interests in the construction and the electronics industry. The design of Burj Khalifa was meant to be a centerpiece for a variety of uses, which includes residential homes, offices, hospitals, shopping malls. Its design was able to carter for an approximate number of 30,000 homes, and nine international hotel chains. This building has an approximate number of 7.4 acres of parkland lands, and 19 residential towers. It has a very big mall that carte r for the shopping needs of its residents, and 30 acres of manmade lake. This lake is referred to as the Burji Khalifa Lake. Courtesy of this building, it is possible to denote that the honor of having the tallest structure in the globe has returned to the Middle East. ... This in turn will promote tourism and thus the development of the Dubai economy. Currently, the building stands at around 823 meters. However, this is not the original height as per according to the initial designs and architectural drawings. The building was to stand at about 560 meters. However, Skidmore, Owings and Merrill re-designed the building in 2006, at placed it at a height of around 808 meters. Smith, who was the design architect, felt that this height made it impossible for the upper most section of the Burj Khalifa building to elegantly culminate with the rest of the structure. On this basis, he sought permission to increase the structure of this building to 823 meters. However, it is important to denote that these changes in height did not encompass a change in the addition of the buildings floors. On this basis, the intention of Smith was to make the building a little bit slender and thin. It is also important to denote that this building experienced a lot of challenge s, and one of the challenges were delays in its construction and development. For example in 2008, the contractors of this building denoted that its construction was delayed because of the upgraded finishes. On this basis, the building will be completed in the periods of September 2009. According to Emaar properties, part of the owners of the building denoted that the original plan was to install luxurious finishes within the building. This was contained in the 2004 architectural design and drawings of the building. However, in 2008, the designers of the building decided to upgrade these finishes, and that was the reasons for the delay in completion of the project.

Final Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Final - Assignment Example These children are aged from kindergarten to the fifth grade and are hence divided accordingly into three different groups, (kindergarten and first, second and third, and the fourth and fifth grades). Both the school and the program is largely white, with one of the larger Jewish populations in San Diego being represented. As reported before, the program, unlike the one at Cadman is not structured with a formalistic rigor and hence children can leave at their convenience, and not at the end of the day. In fact, over the duration of my visit, there was a constant stream of parents arriving to pick up their children. As there are three different age groups to deal with, the program tries to use distinct areas within the school for each of the groups. The school auditorium is used as the homework area for the first group [K/1], whereas the cafeteria and school library serve as the homework rooms for the second [2/3] and third [4/5] groups respectively. Besides, the auditorium also serve s as the main activity and meeting room for the entire program, and access to the library’s computers are provided during library and club activity time. Other outside activities are conducted in the school’s playground. ... Next, the groups split and are lead out for different fitness activities, which typically last for about half an hour. The emphasis here seems to be on teamwork, but I perceived that it involved a lot of standing around, especially when the children had to wait their turn at certain games. This could be eliminated by increasing the number of games or by decreasing the size of the groups. In case of a difficulty in doing either, the time allotted to the different groups could differ based on their age differences. After the fitness workouts, the children prepare for snack. Preparation entails a proper cleaning of hands. All snacks are provided by SAY, and are healthy choices that consist of a full serving from at least two of the food groups. After snack, the children prepare for homework time, which seems to be the main focus of the program. Every child in the program is guaranteed thirty minutes of homework time, with a minimum of two teachers present to help tutor each group. The s chedule provides for an hour of homework time, especially for students with tough or lengthy assignments. Children who have finished their homework are allowed to have free play time on the school playground. This is done to ensure that children with difficult or longer assignments get adequate attention. The ratio for the program entails a maximum of 14 students to each supervising teacher. This ratio is not much different from the maximum of 12 in the Cadman program. Considering that the Cadman program requires more guidance and observation, the ratio is very good at Phoebe. As mentioned earlier, the children leave at different times. Hence, after the scheduled homework hour, children still attending the program will work on an art program. This

BHM 443 -Legal Aspects of Health Care (Module 4-CBT) Essay

BHM 443 -Legal Aspects of Health Care (Module 4-CBT) - Essay Example ness and promptly transfers the responsibility for the patients care to another provider who is willing to act in accordance with the agents direction. 2. Failing to consult a disabled or incapacitated patients surrogate if the surrogate cannot be contacted after the health care provider has made a reasonable effort to do so or if an emergency situation does not provide the health care provider with sufficient time to locate and consult with the surrogate. D. This section does not relieve a health care provider from civil or criminal liability or prevent a provider from being subjected to professional disciplinary action for the providers negligent treatment of a patient if the negligence is unrelated to the providers reliance on a health care directive, directions from a surrogate or the recommendations of an institutional ethics committee pursuant to section 36-3231. For example, Michigan laws prohibit healthcare providers to perform duty under the influence of alcohol or a substance ( Public Act 235) since this results to criminal liability ( cited in Miller, Johnson, Snell and Cummiskey, 2007 ) . A doctor who performs an operation under the influence of alcohol and impairs/injure a patient can be considered an act of gross negligence. In this case, the doctor is criminally liable especially if the patient died under his care. In the first place, it is unethical for a doctor to be under the influence of liquor while doing his duty; moreover, he is negligent when performs an operation under the influence of liquor or substance since this impair one’s ability. The law stipulates alcohol content of .05 or more grams which is not visually detected by the healthcare organization. Besides, the healthcare organization has definitely issued policies and directives about this law and has done its obligation to its employees. Therefore, the doctor is responsible for his behavior. On the other hand, Vicarious liability is legally defined as â€Å" a principal’s

Philippines Essay Example for Free

Philippines Essay Aquino evoked the people of the phili to awaken their senses that freedom is possible. I guess it means that he was willing to die in order for the Filipinos to stand up to the Marcos dictatorship. He believed that Filipinos are worth dying for because he is the future of this nation. Ninoys death one incident that had brought so many changes in our society. It was the turning point because a few years later, Marcos was thrown out by a peaceful and popular revolt How would the Philippines look today, if it wasn’t for Ninoy’s love for freedom and for the people that he went against Marcos. Instead of putting our country at a battle, he chose to suffer long years of solitary confinement. Because he much value human life especially those Filipinos who would be sacrificed at the altar of revolution. we should also ask ourselves whether Ninoy’ death have made us worthy as Filipinos. In sacrificing his own life for Filipinos, Ninoy made the ultimate noble act nobody among us could ever repay. Death for the love of the country is the highest form of personal sacrifice only heroes are destined for. This is the land of our birth, the only place we Filipinos could truly call our home. If only, we understood well and took these words of Ninoy into our hearts and minds, †The Filipinos are worth dying forâ€Å", perhaps, our country would have been the greatest nation on earth. I think the death of Ninoy we were all to blame. If only we fought earlier for our freedom. Does it takes a mans life to be sacrificed for us to be awaken to the truth and fight for justice?

Analyzing The Organisational And Business Environments

Analyzing The Organisational And Business Environments What is the Organisational Environment or Business Environment? In my point of view, a business is an organization that provides goods and services to others who want or need them. And the Environment is defined as the surroundings of the organisation, such as Social, Legal, Economical, Political or Institutional that are beyond the control of the organization and affect the organizations functioning. There are two major components of business environment: Internal Environment: Man, Material, Money, Machinery and Management. These factors are usually under are controlled and affected by the business. The business can cause changes to these factors followed by the change in function dividing in the company. External Environment: Government, Legal, Geo-Physical, Political, Socio-Cultural, Demo-Graphical factors, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ these factors are beyond the control of company. After this subject, I hope that, I will know deeply how to analyze and evaluate the relationship between the organization and its environment, and the environment impacts on management decisions. To understand the market and competitors and the tools that manager can use to monitor the changing business environment. And this is my brief report for 7 of 12 sessions of this Global Organization Environment course that I learnt. Environment of organizations form and purpose. The purpose of an organization is to accomplish the goals and objectives as indicated within the organizations vision statement and depends on its nature of the organization. If the aim of the organization is to get profit, then its main purpose is to earn money. To provide goods and services, employment, and satisfy the expectations of different cohorts of people. With organizations responsibility is: employee welfare, working condition, job design, pollution, advertising, employment community, If the organization is for non-profit, then its target is to satisfy customers or to relieve the public. The mission will be indicated how they plan on reaching those goals and objectives. When making strategic decisions about the organizations direction and scope, managers have to analyse the organizational purpose, vision and stakeholders expectation for the future. Each stakeholder group has personal and collective expectations of organization, but these expectations are likely to conflict, such as: growth versus profitability, growth versus independence, cost cutting versus jobs, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Stakeholders individually are unlikely to influence the strategy of an organization, but collectively because they share similar expectations they are likely to have a bigger effect. Stakeholders are not always equally powerful or interested in the strategy of the organization so will need to be prioritised. There are different types of organisation: Private Limited Company (Ltd.); Public Limited Company (plc); Partnership; Sole Trader; Co-operatives; Close Corporation; Joint Venture; Franchising; Public Corporation; Municipal Enterprises; à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Understanding the Managerial Environment. Managers will need to evaluate the current context and trends of organisational strategic planning and operating, it includes the evaluation of local, regional political stability, government commitment to business, main economic indexes, labour force, technological development and availability, legal documents and finally environmental issues affecting business. With the results of analysis, managers are able to identify main opportunities and threats of their company. Opportunities are external factors which enable managers to enhance revenues or open markets, such as: new technologies, new markets and ideas, new technologies has helped businesses increase productivity and quality and reduce labor force through application of new technology, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Threats are those which can have bad influence on the organization such as: economic recession, oil shortages,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Managers responsibilities are to seek opportunities and avoid threats. Task environment are forces from suppliers, distributors, customers, and competitors. There are many forces that have deep influence on the company. These forces consist of wide economic, technological, demographic and similar issues which managers usually can not impact or control. Economic forces: affect the national economy and the organization. It refers to interest rate changes, unemployment rates, economic growth. When the economy is strong, people have better consumption ability which means they spend more on goods and services Technological forces: refer to skills and equipment used in design, production and distribution. These forces may lead to opportunities and threats to managers and often make products obsolete very quickly or can change the way managers manage them. Socio Cultural forces: Social and cultural forces are often linked together. Whilst meaningful distinctions between social and cultural factors can be made, in many ways they interact and the distinction between the various factors is not clear. Differences in language can alter the intended meaning of a promotional campaign and differences in the way a culture organizes itself socially may affect the way a product is positioned in the market and the benefits a consumer may seek from that product Demographic forces are changes in the nature, composition and diversity of a population and include gender, age, ethnic origin and so on. For instance, nowadays more and more women enter the workforce and even become high-ranked leaders. In many developed countries, the population is aging. Based on these demographic changes, it can be forecast that there will he high demand for health care and assistance for living. Besides, the company will be able to avoid more threats if managers can measure the complexity of the environment and the rate of environmental change. Environment complexity can be seen as the number and possible impacts of different forces in the environment. The more attention manager pay to forces with larger impact, the better opportunities the company may have. And it is easy to see that the bigger the organization, the greater number of forces managers must consider. This means, managers job will become more and more complex if there are more forces So what is the way to reduce environmental impacts? Managers can avoid many environmental threats by reducing number of forces. All levels of managers must have responsibility to minimize the potential impact of environmental forces. For example, line managers are responsible for reducing waste; middle managers are to oversee and evaluate competitors moves; top managers are responsible for the companys new strategy. In order to deal with changes, creating new organizational structures can be a suggestion to managers. In many companies, managers use specific departments to respond to each force. They also define specific functions of departments to create mechanistic or organic structures. Authority in mechanistic structure is centralized and roles are clearly specified. This kind of structure is better used in slowly changing environments. Authority in organic structure is decentralized and roles overlap, however, this feature helps organization have quick response to change. Manager must gain access to information needed to forecast future issues. If in-correct view of the environment, the forecast companys future will be wrong. Inter-organizational relations are that companies need alliances globally to best utilize resources. PESTLE is a framework for categorising the environment. It allows an in-depth analysis of external factors impacting on the organisation to take place. The outcome of this is twofold: Assess the Opportunities facing the company Assess the Threats facing the company. The main purpose of analyzing environment factors is to identify opportunities, threats. Businesses can reduce these risks and focus to exploit their businesss opportunities as well as strengths. I can determine a strategy for dealing with these anticipated changes. The result is that I become more pro-active and better prepared rather than having to react to a crisis. This process might be linked to the organizations strategic vision and the generation of potential scenarios. The Economy and the Role of Government. Any economy can be understood at the simple level as the interaction of two participants, consumers and producers. The Circular Flow of Income describes the operations of an economy; the consumers provide resources to firms for income, firms produce goods and services to consumers for margin. Income and margin are used to pay living and operating costs, taxes for government spending, investments for productive capacity, technological development and savings. Government plays the role of policy maker and referee, ensuring the achievement of economic and social goals of a society, including high rate of decent employment, stable economic growth, low rate of inflation, trade surplus. Government use fiscal policy (taxes and public spending) and monetary policy (money supply and interest rates) as major tools of macro-economic management. Fiscal policy is a tool for managing demand and is used in order to increase or decrease demand, if government wants to increase the demand, it may reduce taxes and/or increase spending, if it wants to reduce the demand, it will do the opposite. Government has lot challenges in achieving simultaneously all the economic goals, an increase in demand may create high inflation. Government also use monetary policy for macro-economic management, an increase in interest rates will increase saving, reduce consumption and reduce investment spending, and thus reduce inflation. The interest rates affect exchange rates and banks or investors will spend their energy and efforts just to trade the money and not the production. The European Environment. The rationale of reduction in trade barriers and mobility restrictions is for costumers rights protection, competitive and technological enhancement. The main benefits for countries in joining EU include access to a largest and fairly competitive market, with a safer and predictable environment for the business. Social protection for consumers, employees, producers, and the economy as a whole, supported by a powerful economy and sustainable resources, education, research and development,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The main challenges for EU enlargement includes different educational, technological, cultural, infrastructural and competitive level between countries, politics, human rights issues, especially the legacy of the Soviet economy. United Kingdom, Switzerland are considering their EMU member due to negative factors such as economic cycle, sovereignty issues, unique values, transition and employment costs. Understanding the Global Environment. Globalization has invoked extensive debate over its impact and credibility , giving rise to a number of perspectives . The area that permits people and different industries to focus on what they do best is competition , and global markets encourage efficiency on this area . It offers greater opportunity for industries to tap into more and larger markets around the world . Industries could now have access to more capital flows , technology , cheaper imports , and larger export markets .Industries are compelled to vie globally due to the competitive environment . The key globalisation drivers include politics, economics, market, costs and competition. Globalisation is bringing both opportunities and challenges to peoples. For competitive advantages in the global market, countries have to increase their political and social connections between peoples and states; firms need a good assessment of global costs. Globalisation allows firms not only to profit of better production factors, but also to gain market share or to access to growing market. Managers need to have strategic decisions on whether outsourcings, off-shoring or in-sourcing for costs advantages. Governments policy makers have to ensure the reasonable inequalities between rich and poor, the control of dominance and monopoly of biggest global firms, cultural degradation, global dependence and global crime. Market Structures and Industry Analysis. Monopolists are able to control both production and purchase rights. In a high competitive market, specialism and location allow operators control over price. In the oligopoly market, competition of non-price methods such as advertising and sales promotion is appropriate. But the greater competition makes companies more efficient and the consumer has a bigger choice of good and services, policy makers have to build rules for fair competitiveness and anti-monopolistic competition. I am able to interpret the Porters Five Forces (current competitors, new entrants, buyers power, substitutes, and suppliers power) to market and competitive analysis of my business. The results will be used to defining and positioning my business, including the development and implementation of key success factors. Delivering Customer Value and Managing Marketing Performance. Firms need an appropriate targeting strategy due to different needs of customers. Customer segmentation allows firms to critically analyse characteristics of customer groups for the provision of relevant services and goods. Appropriate promotions with segmentation approach help firms not only to save costs, but also to provide desirable products and enjoyable prices. A good understanding of existing and potential markets through assessing current and potential market attractiveness, evaluating company and competitors current and potential strengths and weaknesses in serving a particular market, allow firm to take competitive advantages. Company brands are built from knowledge, esteem, relevance and differentiation. I am using the gained knowledge from these sessions to develop my business strategy with demand-driven and non-price competitive approaches such as owner branding, expertise enhancing, attitude improving for differentiation and success. Difficult concepts and Improvement plans: Scenarios and scenario building are difficult concepts with me, the growing importance of scenarios is related to the increasing problems with forecasting, forecasting works well in times of stability, however, extrapolation of past trends and forecasting into the future becomes highly problematic in times of uncertainty, such as: with exchange rate we can not know exactly it tomorrow. And the session 12th is difficult as well, as it requires a manager how to monitor the changing of their business environment and how to deal more successfully with their operating conditions. Studying the future is not the ability to see the future, its the ability to walk away from part of the past. Gary Hamel, Harvard Business School. Scenario planning can be a powerful means for enhancing strategic planning within organizations. Scenario planning helps people articulate their mental models their perceptual limits to discover what opportunities and threats exist that they are currently failing to perceive And I agree with this, Experience has taught us that the scenario planning technique is much more conductive to forcing people to think about the future the forecasting techniques we formerly used. Andre Bernard, Managing Director, Royal Dutch/Shell. With my daily work, I will try my best to improve, from: Learning from doing my works. I am working with position is Head of Finance Planning Report and Budget Control in my company, I am building scenarios with my boss and colleague to my company and will learn from both success and failure. Further reading. More exchanges with friends and experts: Informal discussions, exchanges through emails, chats with them will enable me to gain more knowledge. Participation in short course with Viet-sourcing to improve my knowledge.

Impact of Relationships Upon the Themes of Shakespeares Othello Essay

The Impact of the Relationship between Othello, Iago and Cassio Upon the Themes of Othello The major themes present in Othello are Jealously, Betrayal and Appearance vs. Reality. Each one of these themes are reinforced throughout the play in Iago's evil plot. They are represented or seen by Othello, Iago and Cassio and the relationship between them; dictating the motion of the play. Othello is the main character of the play. He is a moorish general and head of the army of venice. He is a warrior, honest, and loves his new wife Desdemona very much. His only mistake is trusting his ensign, Iago too much and allowing Iago to come between his marriage. Iago makes Othello believe that his wife, Desdemona, is cheating on him. Iago is Othello's ensign, and the main villain of the play. He hoped to be promoted to the position of lieutament, but Othello chose Cassio over him. To get revenge, he brings forth a plot to convince Othello that Cassio and Desdemona, are having an affair. Iago is truly evil, and cares only about himself. Cassio is Othello's lieutanent who was chosen over the veteran soldier, Iago, for the position. Cassio is a young and handsome Florentine and is very polite with the ladies. By getting drunk and hurting Montano, Governor of Cyprus, he gets discharged from being Othello's lieutanent. The relationship between Othello and Iago is not sincere as Iago makes Othello and everyone else believe. Iago fools everyone into believing that he is an honorable man and loyal friend so that he can get punish Othello for not promoting him to lieutenant. No one ever suspects him of wrongdoing until the end of the play. By the first scene ... ...ssio is like a triangle where even though they are three different characters, they are connected in a way. Othello who has so much power as the general and head of the army, has a weakness in trusting people by their appearance. One of these persons is his ensign Iago, whose reputation is that of an "honest man", but inside he is an evil person. His envy towards Othello drives him on deceiving him and Cassio into believing his supposed loyalty. Iago betrays him by plotting against him using Cassio who is manipulated and innocent of his evilness. Cassio's only interest is getting the position as Othello's lieutanent and by this he gets used by Iago, who disliked him from the beginning because that was the position he wanted to receive. By bringing Cassio in, we close the triangle understanding how the relationship between them dictate the motion of the play.

Network :: essays research papers

A computer network is a group of interconnected computers that can accomplish many important tasks. To define computer networking you should define networks. A network is composed of two or people or objects, using a common language, and they have something to share. In computer networking the two or more objects are the computer or terminal. This can consist; have an IBM 3270 terminal and accompanying mainframe, to a stand-alone computer. The computer is usually an IBM PC personal computer or clone licensed copy of a PC, usually cheaply made. The common language or protocol is necessary for the communicators to be able to understand each other. We take for granted simple things like who talks first, how long they talk, and how to end a conversation. A protocol addresses these and more. The common protocol is Transmission Control Protocol (TCP/IP). TCP/IP is the protocol of the Internet. Internet is actually the short form of the word Internet work. Internet work means a network of n etworks. At one time, all of the different networks used different protocols. A user could talk to others on their network, but not to someone on a different network. The protocol TCP/IP solves this problem. It is what allows a person on one network to communicate with a person on a different network. When I mentioned something to share in the network definition, it can be anything, an idea, document, or greeting. Networking allows use of applications on other computers, electronic mail (email), and real time discussions in chat rooms. The types of networks are classified as distributive or centralized. In a centralized network, processing occurs at one place and requests are made of the processing from terminals. A mainframe computer with attached terminals is a great example of centralized network. The terminals communicate with the mainframe to accomplish tasks. A distributive network spreads processing power to the individual computers. Networked PCs are a great example. Tasks are accomplished at the computer and at other computers using communication. In the definition of a network the computer hardware is considered part of the user in this definition. The hardware used to connect to other computers is considered part of the protocol.

Solar Energy Essay -- Solar Energy Resources Essays

Solar Energy What do the bubonic plague in the 14th century, the influenza epidemic of the early 20th century and the spread of HIV/AIDS in the late 20th and early 21st centuries have in common? One answer, according to Joel B. Stronberg author of the American Solar Energy Society’s â€Å"Common Sense,† is that they have all been called pandemics. According to Merriam-Webster.com, a pandemic occurs over a wide geographic distribution and affects â€Å"an exceptionally high proportion of the population.† Joel B. Stronberg declares that we are currently facing another pandemic. This pandemic is the combination of the consequences of burning fossil fuels. The two major problems from burning fossil fuels are global warming and decreasing oil supplies. However, Joel notes that there is a difference between this pending pandemic and the pandemics previously mentioned. This pandemic can be prevented. Solar energy is a nondepletable resource that can help us avoid furthering global w arming and decrease our continued dependence on oil. Solar energy is, in the most rudimentary terms, energy from the sun. It can be converted into electricity and heat. Surprisingly, less than 0.1% of our heating, transportation and power energy come from direct sunlight. This is surprising because, according to www.johnbarrie.com, in one single second the sun gives off thirteen million times more energy than the amount of electricity used by the world in an entire year! As we learned during the in-class presentation, hydroelectric power produces about 100 kilowatts of energy. In contrast, about four thousand MEGAwatts of energy fall on the mere area of 0.3861 sq. mil/1 sq. km. The amount of energy that falls on this meager area is enough energy to heat and light ... ...rce to help better our world as a whole and improve our individual quality of life. Works Cited "Energy Kids Page." Solar Energy-Energy from the Sun. Oct 2004. Energy Information Administration. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/solar.html>. "Glossary." John Barrie Associates Architects. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.johnbarrie.com/glossary.htm>. "Solar Energy Facts." Solar Energy Facts Answers. JC Solar Homes. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.jc-solarhomes.com/solar_energy_facts.htm>. "The Forum for Solar Energy." Solar Collectors: Different Types and Fields of Application. 09 2004. The Solar Server. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.solarserver.de/wissen/sonnenkollektoren-e.html>. Stronberg, Joel B. "A common Sense Solution." Solar Today. 18 Apr. 2005 <http://www.solartoday.org/2005/march_april05/Common_Sense.htm>. Solar Energy Essay -- Solar Energy Resources Essays Solar Energy What do the bubonic plague in the 14th century, the influenza epidemic of the early 20th century and the spread of HIV/AIDS in the late 20th and early 21st centuries have in common? One answer, according to Joel B. Stronberg author of the American Solar Energy Society’s â€Å"Common Sense,† is that they have all been called pandemics. According to Merriam-Webster.com, a pandemic occurs over a wide geographic distribution and affects â€Å"an exceptionally high proportion of the population.† Joel B. Stronberg declares that we are currently facing another pandemic. This pandemic is the combination of the consequences of burning fossil fuels. The two major problems from burning fossil fuels are global warming and decreasing oil supplies. However, Joel notes that there is a difference between this pending pandemic and the pandemics previously mentioned. This pandemic can be prevented. Solar energy is a nondepletable resource that can help us avoid furthering global w arming and decrease our continued dependence on oil. Solar energy is, in the most rudimentary terms, energy from the sun. It can be converted into electricity and heat. Surprisingly, less than 0.1% of our heating, transportation and power energy come from direct sunlight. This is surprising because, according to www.johnbarrie.com, in one single second the sun gives off thirteen million times more energy than the amount of electricity used by the world in an entire year! As we learned during the in-class presentation, hydroelectric power produces about 100 kilowatts of energy. In contrast, about four thousand MEGAwatts of energy fall on the mere area of 0.3861 sq. mil/1 sq. km. The amount of energy that falls on this meager area is enough energy to heat and light ... ...rce to help better our world as a whole and improve our individual quality of life. Works Cited "Energy Kids Page." Solar Energy-Energy from the Sun. Oct 2004. Energy Information Administration. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/renewable/solar.html>. "Glossary." John Barrie Associates Architects. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.johnbarrie.com/glossary.htm>. "Solar Energy Facts." Solar Energy Facts Answers. JC Solar Homes. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.jc-solarhomes.com/solar_energy_facts.htm>. "The Forum for Solar Energy." Solar Collectors: Different Types and Fields of Application. 09 2004. The Solar Server. 20 Apr. 2005 <http://www.solarserver.de/wissen/sonnenkollektoren-e.html>. Stronberg, Joel B. "A common Sense Solution." Solar Today. 18 Apr. 2005 <http://www.solartoday.org/2005/march_april05/Common_Sense.htm>.

Bismarck History Essay

The battleship Bismarck was named in honour of Otto Fà ¼rst von Bismarck, the architect of German unification and the arbiter of European politics during the second half of the 19th century. Bismarck, also known as the â€Å"Iron Chancellor†, was the founder and first chancellor of the German Empire, and through his diplomatic skills, he managed to maintain the peace in Europe for a generation. Otto von Bismarck was born on 1 April 1815 at Schà ¶nhausen in Brandenburg, Prussia. His father, Ferdinand von Bismarck-Schà ¶nhausen, was of the Old Prussian nobility. His mother, Wilhelmine Mencken, from the upper bourgeoisie. He studied law at the University of Gottingen in Hanover, and obtained his degree in 1837 and then entered the Prussian civil service. After leaving the service he helped manage the family estates. He entered politics & married Johanna von Puttkammer in 1847. During the revolutions of 1848, Bismarck favored suppression of revolt and opposed any concessions to the liberals, staying loyal to the monarchy & was determined to free the states from Austrian domination and to unite them under Prussian rule. In 1849, he was elected to the Prussian Chamber of Deputies (the lower chamber of the Prussian Diet). In 1851, Frederick William IV appointed Bismarck as the Prussian representative to the federal Diet in Frankfurt. In 1859, Bismarck was sent to Russia as Prussian ambassador to St. Petersburg, and in May 1862, he moved to Paris as ambassador to the court of Napoleon III. Soon after he returned to Berlin, on 22 September 1862, Bismarck became minister president and foreign minister for the Prussian king William I (Wilhelm I). In 1864 Prussia allied with Austria to provoke war with Denmark. The victorious allies won the duchies of Schleswig and Holstein, but two years later quarrels over the duchies led to war between Prussia and Austria. The defeat of Austria gave Prussia control over the states north of the Main River. Bismarck formed them into the North German Confederation. Relations between Prussia and its age-old enemy France then became tense. In 1870 the nomination of a Hohenzollern prince to the vacant Spanish throne was withdrawn upon French demand. When the French ambassador asked King William I of Prussia to promise that the nomination would never be renewed, the king dismissed the ambassador. France then declared war on Prussia, and the Prussian army, with the armies of the other German states, attacked and defeated the disorganized French (see Franco-Prussian War). The German states were then united, and William I became Kaiser, or emperor, of the new German Empire. Bismarck, raised to the rank of prince, became the imperial chancellor (Reichskanzler). As German chancellor, Bismarck directed his foreign policy at maintaining and strengthening the power of the German Empire. In order to prevent a war of revenge, Bismarck decided now to isolate France diplomatically. In 1873, he formed the Three Emperors’ League (Dreikaiserbund) with Russia and Austria-Hungary. But rivalry in the Balkans provoked the Russo-Turkish War of 1877, and Bismarck had to mediate at the Congress of Berlin in 1878, successfully maintaining the peace. Increasing Russian hostility brought about the Dual Alliance with Austria (1879), and then the Triple Alliance when Italy joined in 1882. Bismarck, however, sought to tie Russia to this alliance by reviving the Three Emperors’ League (1881-87) through the Reinsurance Treaty (1887-90). He also gained British cooperation. During Bismarck’s chancellorship, Germany established colonies in Africa and in the Pacific and built up its industries. William I was succeeded in 1888 by his son Frederick III, a sick man who ruled only three months. Frederick’s son became Kaiser William II. Because William II wanted sole power, he forced Bismarck to resign in 1890. Bismarck retired to his estate at Friedrichsruh, where he died on July 30, 1898 at the age of 83.

Campus Recruitment

Grail Research – Campus Interaction Campus Placements – 2012 August 2011 Presentation Plan ? Introduction to Grail Research – An Integreon Company ? What We Offer ? Q&A August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 2 About Grail Research ? Grail Research provides organizations with accurate, succinct answers to their most important business questions ? Global firms rely on Grail to deliver market intelligence required to make strategic decisions that support business growth Common client themes include entering new markets, launching and enhancing products, making acquisitions or strategic investments, unseating competitors, and more ? Grail Research was founded by Monitor Group, one of the world’s leading business advisory and investment firms with its own US 2Bn+ private equity firm ? Grail Research is now a part of Integreon, a market leader in research, legal, and analytics services ? Grail’s global capabilities include condu cting research in 110+ countries and 35+ languages In A New World, A New Model For Answers Market Research Cost-effective ? Data rich Immediate, Global and Concise Strategy Consulting ? Personalized ? Insightful ? Rigorous August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 3 About Integreon A Leading Global Provider of Knowledge Services ? Our mission is to be the most trusted provider of Knowledge Support Solutions to professionals ? Integreon is a stable, profitable private company †¢ Established in 1998 †¢ Financially secure, 75% owned by Ayala Corporation, a leading publicly listed Philippines conglomerate with a market capitalization over $15 billion, 25% owned by management ? We employ almost 2,500 staff worldwide ? We have Six Sigma Black Belt expertise and are certified in †¢ ISO 27001:2005 Information Security †¢ ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management UK US Atlanta Cambridge Fargo Los Angeles New York Washington DC Office Locations London Bristol China Beijing Philippines South Africa Johannesburg India Mumbai New Delhi Manila August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 4 Milestones†¦.. Setting up offices in Beijing and Johannesburg – Offices in newer locations were established to tap market intelligence needs in different geographies. Beijing marking the fourth and Johannesburg being the seventh office worldwide gathering market and competitive intelligence to make informed strategy and investment decisions Paul Boni starts appearing on Fox’s Happy Hour – Chief Sales Officer, Paul Boni appears on Fox’s channels Happy Hour show to discuss events and growth of various industries and share his perspective on growth of market intelligence in the present day scenario HBS presents a case study on Monitor and Grail as part of their 100 year anniversary summit Founder and CEO Colin Gounden was selected to participate in a panel as part of Harvard Business School’s India Conference to discuss Changing Nature of Sub-continent’s Economy Grail shortlisted in NASSCOM EMERGE 50 – The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) names Grail Research as a 2009 EMERGE 50 company †¦Grail Research, an Integreon Company continues to set new milestones and move toward s greater heights August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 5 Meet the Team VIVEK NEB Vice President, Corporate Market and Business Research Vivek Neb is the Vice President of the Integreon’s Research and Analytics practice and heads the Research Operations teams based out of Noida, Gurgaon, Beijing and Johannesburg Vivek holds an MBA from Indian Institute f Management, Indore and Bachelor in Technology from Punjab Technical University KAPIL SHARMA . ANALYST, NOIDA Kapil holds a Bachelors degree in Industrial and Production Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi â€Å"Grail Research provides immense exposure across industries and very bright and talented team members to work with† JULIAN SUN ANALYST, BEIJING Julian holds a Bachelors of Art degree (Honors) in Business Administration from University of Bedfordshire, UK â€Å"My learning curve has gone up significantly in last 16 months. Grail offers cross-cultural / cross-geograph ical experience by working with diverse set of people† TARUN SINGH ANALYST, JOHANNESBURG Tarun holds a Bachelors degree in Information Technology from Delhi College of Engineering â€Å"I have had an enriching experience working with Grail. I also got chance to work with Jo'Burg team as part of GAP. The multi office project delivery model is excellently executed in Grail† August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 6 Presentation Plan ? Introduction to Grail Research ? What We Offer ? Q August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 7 Grail Experience Advantage The ‘CRISP’ Approach Research Rigorous and consistent Triangulation: secondary, experts, surveys ? Ensure approach meets the required burden of proof Insights Clear â€Å"so what’s† Context to make data meaningful Question Charge ? Extract logical conclusions ? Explain the non-obvious insights Answer Synthesis ? Reframe business need as a research question ? Address the underlying need behind the initial question Simple but not superficial ? Know why the question is being asked ? Articulate nuanced summary in 1-2 pages ? Highlight and explain findings that are surprising, new, or provocative ? Weigh the importance of the question ? Identify the audience ? Confirm that the right question is being asked Presentation Concise Powerful graphics ? State what remains unanswered ? Leverage for future value Determine whether the question can be answered ? Provide visual metaphors to make insights from data intuitive and easy to grasp August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 8 Learning and Exposure Projects across Sectors Life Sciences ? ? ? ? ? Technology ? ? ? ? ? Consumer ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Telecom ? Biotechnology Diagnostics Healthcare Medical Devices Pharmaceuticals Hardware Internet IT Services Networking Software Apparel Automotive Food & Beverage Electronics Health & Beauty Media & Entertainment Retail Travel & Tourism White Goods ? ? ? Cable Satellite Wired Wireless Energy ? ? ? Materials ? ? ? Business Services ? ? ? Industrial ? ? ? ? Government ? ? ? ? ? Alternative Energy Electricity Gas Oil Utilities Chemicals Commodities Metals & Mining ? Advisory Outsourcing Printing Publishing Manufacturing Packaging Textiles Transportation Wholesale ? Competitiveness Country Local Regional August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 9 Learning and Exposure †¦across Geographies Grail’s global capabilities include conducting research in 110+ countries and 35+ languages Countries where we have conducted research August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 10 Organization Structure Groups in Grail Custom Research Life Sciences R esearch QR & Analytics ? ? ? ? ? Industry Attractive Study Sector Analysis Competitive Benchmarking Market Feasibility Study Benchmarking Studies ? ? ? ? ? Product launch feasibility Drug Pipeline Analysis Acquisition target identification Technology assessment Physician perception mapping ? ? ? ? ? Online Questionnaire Analysis Qualitative Analysis Focus Groups Statistical Analysis Segmentation Studies ? Grail conducted a Market Opportunity Analysis for Enterprise Applications of a large software vendor ? Grail conducted Product Assessment for a financial services client ? Grail was tracking pipeline development and strategy initiatives taken by competitors of a large pharmaceutical company Grail is helping a client create a pricing mode for a product based on statistical analysis of transaction data August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 11 Learning and Exposure Outside Project Initiatives Branding Internal Process Improvement IT Tools Confidentiality Compliance Knowledge Management Capa bility Groups Part-time Associates Newsletter August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 12 Professional Development Pillars of Grail’s Professional Development There are three pillars of Professional Development that Grail employees will interact with; Combined, these are often referred to as â€Å"The System† Allocations Conversations with Allocations PD Advisor helps set PD goals and provides advice on how to work with allocations Feedback used by allocations to determine skill levels of individuals GRAIL EMPLOYEES Conversations with PD Advisor Project and Semiannual Feedback PD Advisor PD Advisor helps interpret feedback and look for ways to act on developmental priorities Feedback August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 13 Professional Development Alternative Paths Career growth of individuals on different career tracks in Grail – based upon merit, individual’s desire and firm’s need Latika Mahar (Member of HR Team) Shashank Dewan (Member of Jo’burg Team) Manager, Human Resource ? Got promoted to Manager – HR in Apr’10 ? Now key member of the HR team, working across the entire value chain of HR ? Showed interest in moving to HR ? Worked actively with the allocations team ? Joined organization in June, 2007 Associate Project Manager ? Got promoted to APM in Oct ‘10 ? Promoted to Project Lead in Oct ’09 ? ? ? ? exhibiting strong people skills Was an integral part of the team in South Africa for 6 months Got promoted to Associate in Oct’ 08 One of the consistent top performers of the group Joined Grail in June, 2007 Project Lead Human Resource Associate Career shift to Human Resource August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential Analyst 14 Value Proposition ‘What it is in for me? ’ Diverse Industry Exposure Continous Learning Talent Management Professional Development Compensation and Growth August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 15 Career at Grail Talent from World Class Institutes Grail has a set of extremely talented people with education from world class institutes August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 16 Compensation and Growth Career Path Director ? ? ? ? ? Skills Strong orientation to solve complex problems Good subject knowledge Ability to learn faster Strong written and oral communications skills Strong team player Project Manager Associate PM Characteristics Project Lead ? Self starter ? Strong work ethic and maturity in in professional environment ? Should take pride in his / her own work ? Have drive and enthusiasm to take initiatives Associate Analyst Job Location & Salary ? Base Location: Noida / Gurgaon ? CTC: INR 4 Lacs per Annum (Fixed) Management Trainee August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 17 Recruitment Process ? Written Test †¢ Objective: Analytical and Language Test †¢ Subjective: Language Proficiency Test ? Announcement of first short–list candidates ? Interview Rounds: 2 – 3 †¢ Consist of case based studies to assess the problem solving skills and analytical ability of the candidates ? Final Selection August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 18 Presentation Plan ? Introduction to Grail Research ? What We Offer ? Q August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential 19 For more information contact: ? Charu Gulati (charu. [email  protected] com) Copyright  © 2010 by Integreon No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means — electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise — without the permission of Integreon. This document provides an outline of a presentation and is incomplete without the accompanying oral commentary and discussion. August 2011 | Copyright  © 2011 Integreon — Confidential COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL 20

Forced Community Service Persuassive Essay

Benchmark Essay Courtney Ceurvels Purple 6/12/12 Students shouldn’t be required to perform seventy five hours of community service. This is because the work wouldn’t be done well if the students were forced. Also time would be taken away from clubs, sports, social life and school work. Then again it will make the town look better. If students were forced to do volunteer work to complete schooling then it would most likely not be done well.Being forced the students won’t get the same lesson and/or experience from it. Never mind the work wouldn’t be done as well because they don’t want to do it. Then if they don’t want to do it, the work won’t be done to the best of their ability. Also forcing 75 hours of volunteer work would take time away from school work, sports, clubs and social life. Most kids have sports practice or club meeting after school hours & then have t complete school work after that.With a schedule already that packed the n adding more responsibility to a student’s life could effect their sleeping habits and cause stress. Volunteer work could also lower grades and the sport skills of students if they miss practice or studying time over community service work. Some people might say that it would make the town a better place to make the students more involved. Also some might complain that it would keep kids out of trouble, when really all you’re doing if giving them another way to get in trouble.Since kids are forced to do the work and some are already extremely busy then they won’t complete their hours and then that would effect them receiving a diploma. This is why students shouldn’t be required to perform 75 hours of community service for schooling. The students are already too busy with their school work, clubs, sports and social life. They would have a bad work ethic since they were being forced, also it wouldn’t have the same meaning/lesson. The only pro is tha t it would help the town but in this situation, the cons greatly outweigh the pros.

Animal Farm. The Great Purges

Emily Mills The Great Purges As previously quoted by George Orwell, â€Å"Political language†¦ is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind†. In many cases, a historical significance used in literature can be very effective and can be used to get an event or message across using symbolism and metaphors. George Orwell’s novel, Animal Farm, incorporates both a children’s read of talking animals taking over a farm and the historical horrors of the 1900’s.One of the many underlying events that the book includes is the Great Purges. Both metaphorically introduced in Orwell’s satire version, and historically researched, the Great Purges were displayed as â€Å"respectable† murders and ways to gain power and leadership. George Orwell’s Animal Farm demonstrates how the unwillingness to deny those of higher importance or authority condemns the lower classes to bear the op pression of those in command.The murders of innocent victims, or purges, with which Josef Stalin eliminated any potential threats and demanded his political title find expression in Animal Farm when the forced confessions and executions of animals, such as other pigs, sheep, and hens whom Napoleon finds distrustful following the collapse of the windmill. Though thought to have been merely out of fear, the confessions were previously coerced and forced by Stalin. In fact, the fear was instilled in Napoleon who warned the other animals to â€Å"†¦ keep [their] eyes open.For [they had] reason to think that some of Snowball’s secret agents [were] lurking among [them] at this moment! † (Orwell, 82). Those animals who showed even the slightest hesitation in one of his orders or disapproval toward Napoleon, such as the pigs who opposed the cancellation of Sunday Meetings, were executed immediately. Similar to the 1930s, when Stalin staged a number of infamousâ€Å"purge s,† trials where Stalin and trusted allies forced government members and citizens to â€Å"confess† their disloyalty to Stalinist actions. Napoleon forced confessions from other animals with the use of the terror installed by his hounds. In most cases, the victims of the purges would admit to assisting in these illegal actions in which they had never engaged in in order to eliminate further torture. Unfortunately, once confessed, the alleged traitors were murdered as â€Å"enemies of the people. † Both the pigs who admitted to forming an alliance with Snowball and the goose who confessed to â€Å"having secreted six ears of corn during the last year’s harvest and eaten them in the night† (Orwell, 84) where both slaughtered along with three hens and a sheep.Stalin and Napoleon used their purges to terminate any form of disloyalty or mutiny among their people or animals and to instill fear in the eyes of their societies. The Great Purges were a mass o f killing streaks lead by Joseph Stalin in the late 1930’s. The purpose behind the purges was so that Stalin had a way of keeping his party loyal to him. Also, he executed anyone with power or thought to have power who opposed or challenged him. Before Stalin, it was Vladimir Lenin who had planted the seed, but Stalin who took the initiative to proceed with the idea.Instead of expelling members of his party, like Lenin had suggested, Stalin took the drastic and unnecessary route of execution. Another huge part of the Great Purges was known as â€Å"the confessions†. Stalin’s policeman, the NKVD, would round up innocent people and accuse them of crimes against society and proclaim them as traitors. Then, through methods of torture, confessions would be signed, and they would be executed. Killing nearly 500,000 people and sending many more to concentration camps, Stalin left a huge and unforgettable bloodstain on Soviet Russia’s history.This historical even t connects to George Orwell’s story Animal Farm in several ways. The actual event of the Great Purges is shown in chapter seven when Napoleon has all of the animals executed for helping out Snowball. This is exactly what Joseph Stalin did when he executed the men of his party and all of the innocent people for being traitors. Also when all of the animals confess to the crimes that they didn’t commit connects to how during Stalin’s reign, the NKVD tortured people until the confessed to the crimes they didn’t even commit.While reading Animal Farm, it is easy for the reader to find the similarities in characters and events and connect them to the real life events that took place. George Orwell incorporated and captured the horror of the Great Purges in Animal Farm. He truly grasped the main ideas of the evil ways of Stalin, the tremendous loss of lives, and â€Å"the confessions†. The terror of the Great Purges is so hard to comprehend, but through re ading Orwell’s satire version it helps society understand, in a more simple way how awful he Great Purges were. In the very few pages that he wrote relating to the Great Purges he really did capture the horrible losses and ghastly events that took place back in the late 1930’s during Stalin’s reign. Works Cited Page 1. â€Å"George Orwell Quotes. † BrainyQuote. Xplore, n. d. Web. 24 Feb. 2013 2. Orwell, George. â€Å"VII. † Animal Farm;. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1954. 82-84. Print. 3. â€Å"Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: Chapter 3C. Stalin and Stalinism. † Countries of the World. 1991. eLibrary. Web. 24 Feb. 2013.

Thin Client Operating System Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Thin Client Operating System Security - Essay Example In addition, thin clients have reduced downtime and significantly improved performance1. More importantly through is the fact that thin computers provide enhanced security as compared to desktop PCs. Thin client operating system describes a small size client OS which require much fewer resources as compared to fat clients which are much large and high resource dependent. This essay gives a critical analysis and discussion of the security implications which are related to systems such as Windows CE, Google Chromium and Linux which make use of the thin client operating system. Wide scale security threats and incidences are associated with machines or systems that are Windows based. It in this regard that thin clients have been described to be useful within networks of various organizations with a view of boosting their security. It is however important to note that thin client where originally developed with an aim of providing remote access to Windows which utilized them. Regardless o f this original function, it is notable that the concepts and protocols associated with thin client operating systems have helped many companies or organizations to significantly improve the security of their Windows. ... ilize thin clients such as Google Chromium, Linux and Windows CE allow the thin clients to access the central server of their networks for multiple or numerous user sessions. This is achieved through the capability of the thin operating system to utilize Windows Terminal Services. It is therefore notable that thin clients provide Windows which use them with multiple sessions which emanate from a central system3. This paradigm is similar to that of a mainframe computer. However the implication of thin client operating system on improved network security does not result from its ability to maintain an organization network which is composed of PCs that are Windows based. Instead, the role of thin operating system in network security is related or focused on the Windows servers which provide the main sessions for the network. It is important to consider though that there are drawbacks which are related to the application of thin clients to achieve remote desktops that are session based. The most significant of these drawbacks is network speed. It has been noted that even within a fast network, the application of remote access to desktops us significantly slower as compared to a PC. The reduction in speed is regardless of the security benefits which are associated with the remote access and as a result, organizations are mandated to make tradeoffs which allow them to decide on either the benefits associated with security or speed. The utilization of thin operating system by Google Chromium, Linux and Windows CE significantly reduces the overall costs associated with securing networks. Many organizations employ standardized and reproducible PCs with Windows within their system4. When thin clients are implemented in such systems and their networks, it leads to a situation

Discuss the British foreign policy under Tony Blair with respect to Essay

Discuss the British foreign policy under Tony Blair with respect to balancing the trans-Atlantic alliance and maintaining relations with the European Union - Essay Example ts of the United Kingdom after the events of September 11, who have openly expressed their strong resentment toward extended British participation in the U.S. intervention in Iraq, were stunned but later the events of 7/7 London bombings escorted Britain to think from a different point of view. The goal of the United Kingdom, and of Blair, has been to act as a bridge between the United States and Europe, fostering dialogue between the two power blocs in the hopes of preserving the Atlantic alliance that has survived for 60 years. (Janelle Osmann) As Blair is in a desperate need to prove himself as a world leader and establish himself as a peacemaker, he wants U.S instead of taking the matters emotionally, he must concentrate on the matter of pushing for a resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Blair hopes that his support in Iraq will make America to think several times before making an attempt and to think seriously on expedition of a lasting peace between the Israelis and Palestinians. Thus, by coordinating American efforts with E.U interests, Blair is aiming to narrow the trans-Atlantic lacuna and thrust himself back into the good graces of international diplomats. (Janelle Osmann) Blair, being conscious in maintaining the balance between transatlantic alliance and EU possesses the view that conflict is created on the basis of a misunderstanding. At times he has declared that the class struggle was over and that the formation of the Labor Party through a break with the Liberals was a mistake. But the conflict of interests between the US and Europe cannot be overcome so easily. Blair recognizes that the Europeans, however tentatively, are seeking to challenge US domination through the EU project. At one point, he asks â€Å"Europe is to become 25 nations, one Europe for the first time since Charlemagne, but will it be as a union of nation states or as a centralized superstate? (Chris Marsden) The Constitutional Treaty sets out to address the new

Assessment Instrument for Assessing Autism Term Paper

Assessment Instrument for Assessing Autism - Term Paper Example This suggests that a system for eliciting parental views should be built into any assessment tool for autism, and that extra language support for non-native speakers of Spanish or English should be provided to ensure that this group is not left behind. There is a wealth of knowledge that parents can contribute if a method can be found to elicit their views and record them in a consistent and comparable way. Parallel to the input of parents, there is the standard procedure of child development screening carried out at specified stages during health and educational interactions. The BRIGANCE Standard Diagnostic Comprehensive Inventory of Basic Skills (Glasgoe, 1999) was first devised in the 1970s and has been refined and extended since then to cover a wider age range and a more clearly defined set of criteria. In its present form, it is widely accepted as a good standard instrument which allows both effective local assessment and wider collation of results across the United States which can be used to build a picture of changes in the patterns of child development as they emerge. This test certainly does pick up significant numbers of cases for further investigation but it is not specifically designed to screen for autism. Parents and broad-based standard testing are therefore a crucial first line and very basic level of screening which are effective for the majority of children. A screening instrument in the UK for very young children around 18 months of age called the â€Å"Checklist for Autism in Toddlers† or simply â€Å"CHAT† has a series of yes/no questions. The questions in section one are general, such as â€Å"does your child enjoy being swung, bounced on your knee† and these are answered by the parent.  

Competition law and State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) Research Paper

Competition law and State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) - Research Paper Example On the other hand, the Clayton Act is an amendment to the Sherman Act used for placing restrictions on business mergers. The bill also puts restrictions on the acquisition of other companies that could in turn lead to monopolies or unfair commercial practices. The agency in charge of seeking out free and fair competition is the federal trade commission (Alexander, 2009). The department of justice carries out all investigations on matters concerning the competition also, and the law gives it the authority to call and gather a grand jury to indict a suspect. There are civil and criminal charges in place for any part found guilty of acting against the antitrust laws in the state. Civil consequences of the statues include among others injunctions, divestiture or even cancelation of contracts. The laws have the responsibility of ensuring that there exists a level playing ground for all parties involved. It also serves the function of protection of smaller firms from large enterprises that intend to run them out of business. Lastly the laws protect the final consumer by considering market condition so that they do not suffer high prices for commodities in the market (Mazzolini, 1980). State-owned businesses or the government-owned corporations are legal organizations that carry out commercial activities on behalf of the government. State-owned enterprises are common to natural monopolies and infrastructure. They have the task of providing services and products that are otherwise said to be expensive, and the private sector cannot offer them to the public. They provide goods and services such as railways and telecommunications, mail services and weapons for defense, energy and electricity, politically sensitive businesses, broadcasting, education and healthcare (Drew, 2006). State-owned enterprises have the responsibility of promoting the interests of the public, unlike other organizations whose objects are profit maximization (Thomas, 2005). They

Natural rights in John Lockes, the second treatise on government Essay

Natural rights in John Lockes, the second treatise on government - Essay Example As such, everyone is entitled to enforce natural law in order to uphold these rights. Secondly, he purports that as an individual ventures into societal relationship with others, he trades what goods he possesses for goods he does not, and as such forms a reason to formulate methods to facilitate the trade of goods, such as the use of money, since money is non-perishable in contrast with food. As such, when money is injected into the system, individuals may pertain to give up their natural rights in order to be governed by a select group of people who exist solely to protect their welfare and property. These representatives work by introducing a system of laws and rules that expand over the societies they govern, and are in charge of enforcing them. However, they must only adhere to the interests of the societies at large, and hence, are at the complete disposal of the individuals and are subject to replacement at the people’s discretion. Locke thus emphasizes a Laissez Faire style of government which respects tolerance and moral values announced by natural rights than a strict measure of communism or monarchy. His political ideology promotes distinct sense of social awareness and respect by all of natural law. Argument against John Locke’s theories Locke’s focus on individual precedence over societal matters suggests two things. The first pertains to the regulation of civil society in that the people realize a need for preservation of their material belongings such as house and property, a measure they cannot administer individually by way of natural right as that might render their judgement partial and unjust. As such, they resort to giving up their natural rights so a body of executives can adjudicate on their behalf. This is because if individuals resorted to upholding their natural rights themselves against those who wronged them, only the strongest would survive. By letting an executive handle the adjudication for them, the judgement is deemed impartial. Of course, in conjunction with this right, Locke states that every child is born free, independent and pure, â€Å"a subject of no country or government† (Locke 118). However, in order to be respectful of other’s rights he must first attain majority and then make an informed decision as to which community he must partake in, for being part of one would mean his giving up of some natural rights in order to follow the customs of the community. Thus, before he attains that majority, the child is essentially without affiliation, under the care of his father, and rendered â€Å"stateless in the very state he was born† (Klausen 763). This gives rise to patriarchy which defines the child’s governing system resulting from tacit consent. Moreover, Locke suggests that tacit consent is binding on the individual as it forms part of his contract within the community he is born, but as the child grows up into majority, he is allowed to leave the p atriarchy to which he has adhered and choose a community to consensually give up his natural rights to. This effectively declares tacit consent as NOT binding. Moreover, Locke’s policy of independence and attainment of natural liberty is only possible if there is â€Å"

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Human Resource Management - Essay Example Sufficient research studies have been undertaken linking Human Resource Management to the overall growth of a firm or organization which is essentially its financial performance. It has been observed that there is a strong positive relationship between the two. In order to be successful, organizations need to invest in and build organizational capability which can be provided by focused HRM practices by HR professionals who create value by increasing organizational competitiveness. This value is created across board, in every division, every team and every individual. The responsibilities of an HR Department are focused on the Human Capital which has begun to enjoy prestige as the most dynamic factor of production. The tasks are multifaceted and includes some of these, listed in order of priority hereunder: People Extends from the day a need is established for taking on people, screening and recruitment, salary negotiation, placement and job profiling, orientation, training and development, periodic reviews and appraisals, handholding, welfare initiatives, exit, replacement. Regulations Knowledge and intervention regarding all laws, regulations, facilities whether state run or internal, that directly or indirectly impact the employees. Various job profiles and content definitions of the Human Resource function have been created and recreated time and again. To have a better view, let us first analyse the challenges that face any organization today.

How to Do Business In Italy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How to Do Business In Italy - Research Paper Example It can be observed that the Italy does not have good international relation with most of the countries . In the recent times, Italy is facing significant challenges in meeting its debt requirements and the consequential harm which has been caused because of euro zone along with the EU which is quite difficult to eradicate . Economy Policy Outlook Italy is considered to be a country with heightened financial as well as economic crisis that weakens its position in the euro zone. This arises essentially from a change in market perception of the state of its public finances. Approval was received from the Parliament on September 14th 2011, regarding the budget that was designed for the period of 2012-2013 in order to minimize the budget deficit to zero in the year 2013, from 4.6% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in the year 2010 and an approximated 4% in the year 2011. Nonetheless, because of the reduction in the estimation of economic growth along with higher interest payments, it has been apparent by the month of November of the year 2011 that more funds would be required by the country in order to attain this objective. Starting a business in Italy is considered to be quite expensive rather than time consuming in Italy .In the year 2010 and in the first half of the year 2011, the country’s upturn from recession had been modest. In consequence of combination of greater fiscal difficulties, a weakening of the business confidence and sharply declining external demand, it can be expected that Italy will suffer from numerous quarters of negative quarter-to-quarter growth6. Economic Policy Economic Policy The creation of the new technocratic government has not been successful at minimizing the rate of interest on Italian government bonds considerably6. Consumer Confidence Improvements There has been significant decline in the consumer spending since April 2011. In the first three quarters of the year 2011, it was noticed that there was decline in the unadjusted value index by 0.8% year-on-year. However, after the importunate fall that initiated in the month of May of the year 2011, in the month of November of the year 2011 there was noticeable rise in the consumer confidence index to 96.5 from 93.3 in the month of October of the year 2011. It was noticed that the index remained below the average for all 12 months of 99.4. It was in the month of November 2011 when the consumers’ evaluation of the overall economic situation improved significantly7. PESTEL Analysis Prior to entering into any country, it is quite vital to conduct PESTEL analysis in order to comprehe nd the business environment of that particular country. It can be stated that the government of Italy has passed an â‚ ¬40 bn sternness program so that it can resolve its weak financial position and thus take out ways to strengthen them. It has been observed that although the government takes numerous measures in order to reduce the tax rates, it is quite high in Italy. In the year 2010, the corporate tax rate has been 31.4% which is quite higher in comparison to the EU average of 23.2%. There has been rise in the exports as well as imports to non-EU countries by

The Best Sports Day Ever Essay Example for Free

The Best Sports Day Ever Essay Our school, SMK Mohd Khalid, had an Annual Sports Day recently. The event took place at the school field on the 30th of June 2012. Parents and students arrived and settled down on chairs located under big yellow tents. Once they were all settled in, our beloved principal Tuan Hj Suleiman kicked things off with an opening speech. He welcomed the parents and gave words of encouragement for our spiritual athletes. Meanwhile, the students participating in the school sports house march had gathered in the school field for further preparation. All of the school sports house tents are adorned with big banners and flags. Mascots of each team appeared like cartoon characters such as Angry Birds, Minecraft Guy and even the feared Lord Megatron! Some mascots even had electrical gimmicks such as Megatron’s glowing fusion cannon and Angry Birds theme song. However. The weather was bad. It had rained but this did not stop them. They had trained long and hard for this day. By the time it was 8 in the morning the school sport houses such as red house, yellow house, green house, blue house and red house had started their march. They saluted past the parents’ tent and the juries’ table. It was slightly drizzling but they continued on around the field. Various events were held after. Events such as the 100 metre race, 4 times 100 metre race and tug of war had taken place on this heavenly day. After all of the athletes showed their skills in the games, there The sound of the marching band drowns all the cheering of the crowds. Our drum major, Amir Reza and his band of enthusiastic boys marched with military precision until the band resembles the U. S Navy Seal marching. Once everything had died down, they had a prize giving ceremony to all the winners for the events. Apparently the house with the highest medal tally was the red house. Also, our athlete Lim Jia Qing a. k. a the ‘Giant Panda’ had been nominated as the best 100m sprinter and would be competing in the coveted SUKMA Games. But above all is not about the medals, it is not about the achievements but it is about the competitive spirit of athletes and the sheer determination and teamwork that all our athletes had portrayed. We are now waiting eagerly and zippy about the next and upcoming sports week.

Analysis of Computerisation at Pizza Hut Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Computerisation at Pizza Hut Essay In the economics of industrial society, the purpose of the computerization of the workplace is to replace labor with machines, thereby reducing the unit cost of production while increasing both productivity and efficiency. Instead of hiring twenty workers to accomplish one task, an employer can simply buy one machine to do the same task faster and more efficiently; less resources are invested while much more output is generated. In general theory, the introduction of technology into the workplace spurs economic growth and prosperity, resulting in the creation of more and better jobs, higher wages and an increased standard of living. However, when looking at specific data and analysis, it becomes apparent that each level of worker is distinctly affected by the computerization of the workplace. Pizza Hut Pizza Hut is one of the flagship brands of Yum! Restaurant Int. which also has subsidiary businesses and famous brands like KFC, Taco Bell, AW and Long John Silver’s under one brand umbrella. It is the world’s largest pizza chain more than 13,000 restaurants across 97 countries. Pizza Hut increases his operations in last five years. In India, Pizza Hut has 143 restaurants across 34 cities, including Delhi, Mumbai, Banglore, Chennai, Kolkata, Pune and Hyderabad. Great taste and quality, variety of pizzas and trademark dining experience have made it possible for the company to for double-digit growth and scale up its presence to its current size. With a 27 per cent market share of the eating-out market and over 70,000 footfalls per day across the country Pizza Hut started its business from India in 1996, and opened its first restaurant in Bangalore. Pizza Hut maintained significant growth and acquires a maximum share of pizza market and sustained growth rate of above 40 per cent per annum. Pizza Hut operates through 95 outlets across 24 cities in India which gave employment nearly 5000 people by the end of 2009. When entering the delivery-segment of the pizza industry, Pizza Hut opted to use a computerized Customer Answering Service that would field all the calls from a particular area and then electronically send orders to the closest delivery-only units. Thus customers would only have to call one number and not have to talk to individual delivery unit managers. Pizza Hut believed that this system would reduce the costs needed for maintaining separate workers who would answer the phone at each unit. However, this system had several problems in its initial installation such as orders being mixed up and other inefficiencies. As a result, Pizza Huts reputation was damaged as consumers lost patience and faith in the company; this allowed Dominos, Pizza Huts main competitor to increase its market share.

Monopolistic Competition Explained

Monopolistic Competition Explained There are four main market structures in an industry, namely, perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, and monopolistic competition. A perfect competition is a market structure that occurs when there are many small business organizations that engage in a competition with one another. On this basis, the decision of one seller does not create any impact on the price of the products under consideration (Parkin, 2012). It is important to denote that under this market structure, the products of the companies are standardized and they are identical. These small business organizations do not have any influence on the price of their products. It is the market that determines the prices of their products, through the laws of supply and demand. This market is also characterized by an absence of barriers that prevent new companies from leaving or entering the market. An example of an industry that operates under a perfect market structure is the agriculture industry (Schwartz, Carew and Maksimenko, 2010). In the agriculture industry, there are a variety of firms that seek to sale agricultural produce to consumers. The prices of agricultural products are always guided by the laws of demand and supply, and no individual business person can influence the prices of agricultural products. However, it is important to denote that a perfect competition is a theoretical type of market structure, and it rarely exists in the real life. This is because companies always advertise their services for purposes of gaining a market share, and reduce the prices of their products for purposes of increasing their sales. Companies will strive to control the prices of their products, in order to achieve profitability (Parkin, 2012). The perfect market structure is an opposite of a monopoly. Under monopoly, there is only a single company that provides a certain service or good. The company under consideration will always control the prices of its products because competition does not exist. In a monopoly, the product that is produced is unique, and hence there is no substitute for the products. A monopolistic market is highly regulated, whereby new entries are blocked and it is also difficult to move out of this market. The reason as to why there is a restriction in this market is because of the high costs of operating the business under consideration. Political, economic and social factors can also be the reason as to why new players might be reluctant to invest in this market (Schwartz, Carew and Maksimenko, 2010). For example, the government can decide to form a monopoly in an industry that it wants to control. A good example is the electricity and the oil industry. Another barrier might occur a company has an exclusive right over the production of a natural resource. An example is the oil industry in Saudi-Arabia where the Saudi Government has exclusive control over the oil resources in the country. A monopoly will also exist when an organization has a patent or copyright, which in turn will prevent other players from entering the market. An example is Pfizer, which had a patent right over the production and distribution of Viagra (Parkin, 2012). An oligopoly on the other hand is a market structure whereby there are only a few companies that are responsible for producing and supplying goods and services. These groups of companies have a control of the various prices of their products. It is similar to a monopoly in the sense that it has a high barrier of entry. This is because entering in this type of a market requires high capital base, which is always difficult to raise (Schwartz, Carew and Maksimenko, 2010). It is also similar to companies operating under a perfect competition in that the products of one firm, is very similar to the products of another firm. This is in terms of quality, and their features. In as much as companies operating under an oligopoly have a control over their prices, they are always inter-dependent on one another. This is because before formulating a policy, these companies will have to analyze the reactions of their competitors in terms of the prices of their commodities, advertising and selling strategies, etc. Examples of companies that operate under this type of market structure are the auto-mobile companies. These companies are few in nature, and it always requires a huge capital base for anybody to invest in an auto-mobile industry. The marketing policies of these companies are always inter-dependent with one another. For example, Mercedes/Daimler is a luxury brand whose main competitor is BMW. The prices of Mercedes vehicles will always be determined by the prices of BMW (Parkin, 2012). This is because they are both competing for the same market, and they produce a similar product. An example of an oligopolic market structure is the duopoly. A duopoly is a market structure characterized by the existence of two firms/ industries. A duopoly can have the same impact as a monopoly if the two organizations collude for purposes of controlling the prices of their products. An example of a duopoly is the master card and visa (Schwartz, Carew and Maksimenko, 2010). These two companies have a significant control of the electronic payment market. Other examples include Apple and Amazon, because of their significant dominance of the e-book market. Finally, a monopolistic competition on the other hand is highly similar to a perfect competition. In this type of market, there exist many companies each controlling a small percentage of the market share. This is similar to a perfect competition market which thrives on the availability of many small companies, competing for the same market (Parkin, 2012). However, the main difference between this type of market with that of a perfect competition market is that these companies produce different products, and is characterized by different pricing and advertisements strategies. A monopolistic competition market thrives on variety. Example of companies operating under this structure is the fast food restaurants. Restaurants produce a variety of foods, with different pricing strategies and brand names. They are also located in different areas, and this satisfies the characteristics of a monopolistic competition. s Bibliography: Parkin, M. (2012). Economics (10th ed.). Boston: Addison-Wesley. Schwartz, R. A., Carew, M. G., Maksimenko, T. (2010). Micro markets a market structure  approach to microeconomic analysis. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons.